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Step-by-step build — 11 steps. Also available as a print sheet.
Build the main 4x4 wall system, attaching into the posts with pocket holes hidden on the underside.
Build the 2x4 bed support, checking it's very square. Attach to the room walls and to itself with 2-3/4" self-tapping screws, and to the 4x4 posts with lag screws.
Use a level to attach the wall cleats to studs in the wall with 2-3/4" screws.
Build the bed joist frame from the 2x8s, taking care to keep everything square so drawers underneath don't bind.
Cut and attach the wall backing panel behind the storage area with nails and glue.
Lay the loft floor decking, chosen as 2x6 tongue and groove because the span crosses a doorway near 36" wide.
Build each drawer and the shoe tilt-out storage to fit its own opening and slides, boxing out the shoe storage from 1x3 scrap with a plywood back.
Attach the drawer faces and door panels, aiming for an even 1/8" gap on all sides.
Attach the bed slats, splicing joints over the joists. Hinge the plywood hidden storage door over the front opening, with a cut-out handle.
Install black iron pipe as the ladder and railing, keeping in mind this hardware is not code-approved.
Sand all surfaces, apply primer and paint or stain and poly, and add the knobs or handles.