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Step-by-step build — 7 steps. Also available as a print sheet.
Lay the twelve 1x4 panel boards side by side. Measure your actual board widths first — nominal 1x4 isn't always exactly 3-1/2", and small errors add up across twelve boards. Once you're happy with the width, secure the 1x3 back support boards across the panel boards with a brad nailer and glue.
Attach the 1x2 leg sides to the sides of the panel per the diagram, keeping the outside edges flush.
Attach the 1x3 front legs over the 1x2 sides. As you nail into the 1x2, keep the seam tight and flush so the two boards read as one solid leg rather than a stack.
Use 2" nails and glue to attach the front trim to the panel boards, keeping the outside edges flush.
Mark the headboard center per the diagram. Glue and 1-1/4" finish nails hold the center trim to the panel.
Attach the 1x3 top trim across the top of the headboard, then land the 1x4 top cap on it with a 1/2" overhang on all edges. The step between the two trim widths is what gives the top its farmhouse profile.
It looks harder than it is. From a 1x4, cut two boards with both ends at 30° off square, ends parallel — each measures 30" from short point to long point. Fit them against the panel to form the diagonal brace, then glue and nail. Sand everything and finish; a distressed or dry-brushed paint suits the rustic look.