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Step-by-step build — 7 steps. Also available as a print sheet.
Build each tower's sides, shelves, and cubby dividers with 3/4" pocket holes and glue. Include at least one fixed shelf near the center of each tower — a fixed shelf keeps a tall frameless tower rigid even if the rest of the shelves are set on adjustable shelf pins.
Build the plus-shaped cubby dividers as their own small assembly and slide it into place inside each tower — building it separately and sliding it in makes it removable later if you want to reconfigure the shelving.
Attach a back panel to each tower. Backing a frameless tower isn't optional here — it's what keeps the whole thing square once it's loaded with weight and someone starts hanging on the doors or shelves.
Build the bench box with pocket holes, 2" screws, or nails — whichever hardware you used for the towers. Don't build it any wider than planned without adding a center partition; an unsupported bench top this size will sag under sitting weight over time.
Add a back panel to the bench, same as the towers — it's just as important here for keeping the box square.
Attach base moulding along the bottom of both towers and the bench. Edge moulding on the bench top's front edge (rather than edge banding) holds up better in this high-wear spot where people sit down and stand up constantly.
If you want doors, cut leftover 3/4" stock down to size and fit into the bench opening with an even 1/8" gap all around. Dress up the door edges with a strip of decorative 1/4" x 2-1/2" hobby stock and add a knob. If doors feel like more than you want to take on, a simple center divider nailed and glued in place is a perfectly good alternative.