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Step-by-step build — 8 steps. Also available as a print sheet.
Drill all your pocket holes before assembling anything — it's far easier on flat boards than around a mounted trash bin later. Attach the bottom to the sides with glue and 1-1/4" pocket screws.
Add the back support, using the scraps from cutting the plywood or a 1x4/1x3. This ties the back of the box together.
Build the face frame flat on a smooth table with clamps, square, joining with 3/4" pocket holes, 1-1/4" screws, and glue. Mark the sides at 1/4" for the side overhang and attach the frame to the cabinet face through predrilled pocket holes.
Attach the countertop supports (also fasten them to the sides, not just the front, for lateral support). Build the 2x4 toe-kick base and attach it under the cabinet.
Most remaining steps depend on your slide hardware. For standard side-mount slides, add a 1/2" plywood spacer to bring the slides flush with the inside of the face frame. Mount them at the height of your trash can.
Build the pull-out from 1x4 to hold your can(s) — this plan fits two side by side, but you can add compartments or put the pull-out on the bottom as a platform. If you make it a bottom platform, add cross supports for strength. Size it to your actual can.
Attach the trash pull-out assembly to the door with screws, keeping the door flush at the bottom and with a 1/4" gap on each side so it clears the face frame.
Add the back last — after the slides are installed, so you could reach inside to work. Use glue and 1-1/4" finish nails. Sand and finish or paint to match your kitchen.